方形自聚焦透镜的研制

经过方形玻璃丝的加工、离子交换及成品的精密加工等过程，成功制出了方形自聚焦透镜.并采用聚焦成像和雅明干涉等方法对其光学特性进行测试，得出了方形自聚焦透镜本身所具有的一些特性：中心部分畸变较小，成像性能好；四个棱角内的球差较大，像质较差;折射率分布不具有旋转对称性，而是与方向和半径有关.     

Formation of double front detonations of a condensed-phase explosive with powdered aluminium

The performance characteristics of aluminised high explosive are considered by varying the aluminium (Al) mass fraction in a hybrid non-ideal detonation model. Since the time scales of the characteristic induction and combustion of high explosives and Al particles differ, the process of energy release behind the leading detonation wave front occurs over an extended period of time. Two cardinal observations are reported: a decrease in detonation velocity with an increase in Al mass fraction and a double front detonation (DFD) feature when anaerobic Al reaction occurs behind the front. In order to simulate the performance characteristics due to the varying Al mass fraction, the tetrahexamine tetranitramine (HMX) is considered as a base high explosive when formulating the multiphase conservation laws of mass, momentum, and energy exchanges between particles and HMX product gases. While experimental studies have been reported on the effect of Al mass fraction on both gas-phase and solid-phase detonations, the numerical investigations have been limited to only gas-phase detonation for the varying Al particles in the mixture. In the current study, a two-phase model is utilised for understanding the volumetric effects of Al mass fraction in condensed phase detonations. A series of unconfined and confined rate sticks are considered for characterising the performance of aluminised HMX with a maximum Al mass fraction of 50%. The simulated results are compared with the experimental data for 5–25% mass fractions, and the higher mass fraction behaviours are consistent with the experimental observations.     

Surface modification and wear test of carbon steel by plasma electrolytic nitrocarburizing

Plasma electrolytic nitrocarburizing (PEN/C) was applied to the surface of carbon steel under the boiling condition of saturated urea electrolyte. In addition to the general effect of the bath temperature, different applied voltages and processing times were also considered in this new process. Optical and scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, microhardness and pin‐on‐disc wear tests were used to characterize the PEN/C‐treated surfaces. A mixture of θ‐(Fe₃C) and ε‐(Fe_2–3N) was found in the compound layers. At certain conditions, dense surface layers with minimum porosity were observed at the top of the samples. The boiling condition resulted in special character of the compound layers on the surface. The layers consisted of some irregularities grown inward the samples andaffected the characteristics of the surface layers. The microhardness of the PEN/C‐treated layers increased up to 1280 HV0.1, which was 3 to 4 times higher than that for untreated material and higher than that obtained by other investigators (750 HV0.1). PEN/C decreased the wear loss of carbon steel significantly due to the change of the adhesive wear of untreated material to the abrasive mode of treated surfaces. The major advantage of this technique was a higher growth rate of the nitrocarburized layers and a more significant improvement in the tribological performance of the treated samples if compared to similarly oriented surface treatments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

O′-Sialon-ZrO_2-SiC材料高温干摩擦下的摩擦磨损行为

研究了 Ｏ′ Ｓｉａｌｏｎ Ｚｒ Ｏ２ Ｓｉ Ｃ复合材料／１ Ｃｒ１３ 钢摩擦副在６００ ℃不同工况条件下的摩擦磨损特性．结果表明：在６００ ℃干摩擦条件下, Ｏ′ Ｓｉａｌｏｎ Ｚｒ Ｏ２ Ｓｉ Ｃ 复合材料的磨损质量损失远低于１ Ｃｒ１３ 钢的磨损质量损失; Ｏ′ Ｓｉａｌｏｎ Ｚｒ Ｏ２ Ｓｉ Ｃ 复合材料／１ Ｃｒ１３ 钢摩擦副的摩擦系数波动较大,磨损机制以粘着磨损和磨粒磨损为主     

超临界CO2磨料射流流场影响因素的模拟分析

为了揭示超临界CO₂磨料射流流场特性,利用计算流体动力学模拟软件,对超临界CO₂磨料射流结构及不同因素对射流流场的影响规律进行了研究。结果表明:超临界CO₂磨料射流轴向速度和冲击力随着喷距的增大,先增大后减小,即存在最优喷距,喷射压差为10~30 MPa时最优喷距为3~6倍喷嘴直径;喷射压差一定时,围压由10 MPa增至30 MPa对射流速度场及液相冲击力会造成较小的负面影响。通过超临界CO₂射流破岩实验对上述2因素进行了辅助对比验证;流体温度由333 K增至413 K,固液两相轴向速度增大,而流体密度降低,导致液相冲击力减弱;磨料浓度由3.0%连续增至11.0%,射流固液两相轴向速度逐渐降低,降幅逐渐减小。     

Complex dynamics of an archetypal self-excited SD oscillator driven by moving belt friction

We propose an archetypal self-excited system driven by moving belt friction, which is constructed with the smooth and discontinuous(SD) oscillator proposed by the Cao et al. and the classical moving belt. The moving belt friction is modeled as the Coulomb friction to formulate the mathematical model of the proposed self-excited SD oscillator. The equilibrium states of the unperturbed system are obtained to show the complex equilibrium bifurcations. Phase portraits are depicted to present the hyperbolic structure transition, the multiple stick regions, and the friction-induced asymmetry phenomena. The numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the friction-induced vibration of multiple stick-slip phenomena and the stick-slip chaos in the perturbed self-excited system. The results presented here provide an opportunity for us to get insight into the mechanism of the complex friction-induced nonlinear dynamics in mechanical engineering and geography.     

酸性体系对镁铝尖晶石工件固结磨料研磨的影响

研磨介质的化学作用对于固结磨料研磨的材料去除率和表面质量具有至关重要的影响.采用不同的酸性介质对镁铝尖晶石样品进行研磨,研究了其对镁铝尖晶石固结磨料研磨的材料去除率和表面质量的影响;采用电感耦合等离子质谱仪(ICP)测量了不同酸性介质对镁铝尖晶石工件和研磨垫的化学腐蚀作用,并进一步采用电化学工作站检验了不同酸性介质对研磨垫填料铜的腐蚀性能.结果表明:研磨介质对填料铜的化学腐蚀促进研磨垫的自修整是其对研磨过程材料去除率产生影响的主要因素,其中3;乙酸研磨后的材料去除率最大,可达249.97 nm/min;研磨介质对工件的化学作用可以改善工件的表面质量,其中3;磷酸研磨后的工件表面粗糙度值最小,仅为72.4 nm.     

骨科植入物的微动摩擦学研究现状及进展

骨科植入物在人体中的微动会引起植入物的磨损导致损伤,造成骨科手术的失败.本文介绍了植入物微动摩擦学的类型、研究方法、磨损机理及改善措施,详细阐述了当前国内外关于骨科植入物微动摩擦学的试验及数值模拟研究成果.建立1套可准确获得界面微动真实分布的科学方法,将有助于深入研究人体中界面微动,而将骨组织的生长模型与力学特性相结合,建立适于描述人体中植入物-骨组织的界面微动模型,对临床治疗及骨科植入物的优化设计具有非常重要的意义.     

氧化硅/氧化铁复合磨粒用于硬盘基片的抛光研究

本文以HNO3、NaOH、Fe(NO3)3和SiO2浆料为原料,采用沉淀法制备了1种SiO2/Fe2O3复合磨粒,通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、飞行时间二次离子质谱仪(TOF-SIMS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其结构进行表征,结果表明Fe2O3包覆到SiO2的表面,复合粒子具有很好的分散性.用UNIPOL-1502抛光机研究了所制备复合磨粒在镍磷敷镀的硬盘基片中的抛光性能,抛光后硬盘基片的表面粗糙度Ra由抛光前的8.87nm降至3.73nm;抛光后表面形貌的显微镜观测结果表明新制备的复合磨粒表现出较好的抛光性能.     

涂铁基非晶涂层的磨粒磨损性能研究

用电弧喷涂技术在Q235钢基体上制备一种高非晶含量的Fe基合金涂层.用MLS-225型湿砂橡胶轮磨损试验机评价铁基复合涂层的磨粒磨损性能,利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪对涂层的显微组织结构、磨损表面进行分析.结果表明,涂层中含有一定量的非晶相,通过Verdon方法对XRD图谱进行Pseudo-Voigt函数拟合,计算得出涂层的非晶相含量约为49%.涂层呈典型的层状组织结构,结构致密,孔隙率低,具有很高的硬度和耐磨性,显微硬度在HV900~1 050范围内,属于硬质涂层.涂层耐磨粒磨损性能为Q235钢的12.2倍.其磨损机制主要为脆性剥落.